2V0-41.23 VMware NSX 4.x Professional Exam

This certification exam validates an individual’s knowledge and skills in configuring, deploying, and managing VMware NSX environments, which are used to virtualize networking and security services.

Product: VMware NSX 4.x Professional
Language : English
Number of Questions : 70
Format : Multiple Choice, Multiple Selection Multiple Choice, Hot Area, Point and Click, Drag and Drop, Matching – Proctored
Duration : 135 Minutes
Passing Score : 300 (Scaled)

Passing Score – VMware exams are scaled on a range from 100-500, with the determined raw cut score scaled to a value of 300. Your exam may contain unscored questions in addition to the scored questions, this is a standard testing practice. You will not know which questions are unscored, your exam results will reflect your performance on the scored questions only.

Exam Resources
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Exam Sections VMware exam blueprint sections are now standardized to the five sections below, some of which may NOT be included in the final exam blueprint depending on the exam objectives.
Section 1 – IT Architectures, Technologies, Standards
Section 2 – VMware Solution
Section 3 – Plan and Design the VMware Solution
Section 4 – Install, Configure, Administrate the VMware Solution
Section 5 – Troubleshoot and Optimize the VMware Solution
If a section does not have testable objectives in this version of the exam, it will be noted below, accordingly. The objective numbering may be referenced in your score report at the end of your testing event for further preparation should a retake of the exam be necessary.
Sections Included in this Exam

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Section 1 – IT Architectures, Technologies, Standards Not Applicable

Section 2 – VMware Solution
Objective 2.1 – Demonstrate knowledge of VMware Virtual Cloud Network and NSX
Objective 2.1.1 Describe the purpose of VMware Virtual Cloud Network and its framework
Objective 2.1.2 Identify the benefits and recognize the use cases for NSX
Objective 2.1.3 Describe how NSX fits into the NSX product portfolio
Objective 2.1.4 Recognize features and the main elements in the NSX Data Center architecture
Objective 2.1.5 Describe NSX policy and centralized policy management
Objective 2.1.6 Describe the NSX management cluster and the management plane
Objective 2.1.7 Identify the functions of control plane components, data plane components, and communication channels
Objective 2.2 Demonstrate knowledge of NSX Management Cluster
Objective 2.2.1 Explain the deployment workflows for the NSX infrastructure
Objective 2.3 Demonstrate knowledge of the NSX UI
Objective 2.3.1 Distinguish between the Policy and the Manager UI
Objective 2.4 Demonstrate knowledge of the data plane
Objective 2.4.1 Describe the functions of transport zones, transport nodes, VDS, and N-VDS
Objective 2.4.2 Explain the relationships among transport nodes, transport zones, VDS, and N-VDS
Objective 2.4.3 Describe NSX Data Center on VDS
Objective 2.4.4 Describe uplink profiles
Objective 2.5 Demonstrate knowledge of logical switching
Objective 2.5.1 Describe the functions of NSX Data Center segments
Objective 2.5.2 Recognize different types of segments
Objective 2.5.3 Explain tunneling and the Geneve encapsulation protocol
Objective 2.5.4 Describe the interaction between components in logical switching
Objective 2.5.5 Describe the function of kernel modules and NSX agents installed on ESXi
Objective 2.5.6 Describe the function of the management plane in logical switching
Objective 2.5.7 Describe the function of the control plane in logical switching
Objective 2.6 Demonstrate knowledge of logical switching packet forwarding
Objective 2.6.1 Describe the functions of each table used in packet forwarding
Objective 2.6.2 Describe how BUM traffic is managed in switching
Objective 2.6.3 Explain how ARP suppression is achieved
Objective 2.7 Demonstrate knowledge of segments and segment profiles
Objective 2.7.1 Define what a segment is
Objective 2.7.2 Describe the purpose of segment profiles
Objective 2.7.3 Identify the functions of the segment profiles in NSX
Objective 2.8 Demonstrate knowledge of logical routing
Objective 2.8.1 Explain the function and features of logical routing
Objective 2.8.2 Describe the architecture of NSX two-tier routing
Objective 2.8.3 Differentiate between north-south and east-west routing
Objective 2.8.4 Describe the gateway components
Objective 2.8.5 Recognize the various types of gateway interfaces
Objective 2.9 Demonstrate knowledge of NSX Edge and Edge Clusters
Objective 2.9.1 Explain the main functions and features of the NSX Edge node
Objective 2.9.2 Describe the functions of the NSX Edge cluster
Objective 2.9.3 Identify the NSX Edge node form factors and sizing options
Objective 2.9.4. Describe the different NSX Edge node deployment methods
Objective 2.10 Demonstrate knowledge of Tier-0 and Tier-1 Gateways
Objective 2.10.1 Describe how to configure a Tier-1 gateway
Objective 2.10.2 Explain how to configure a Tier-0 gateway
Objective 2.10.3 Explain Active/Active Tier-0 and Tier-1 configurations
Objective 2.10.4 Explain multi-tenancy use in a Tier-0 gateway
Objective 2.11 Demonstrate knowledge of static and dynamic routing
Objective 2.11.1 Distinguish between static and dynamic routing
Objective 2.12 Demonstrate knowledge of ECMP and high availability
Objective 2.12.1 Explain the purpose of ECMP routing
Objective 2.12.2 Identify the active-active and active-standby modes for high availability
Objective 2.12.3 Recognize failure conditions and explain the failover process
Objective 2.13 Demonstrate knowledge of logical routing packet walk
Objective 2.13.1 Describe the datapath of single-tier routing
Objective 2.13.2 Explain the datapath of multitier routing
Objective 2.14 Demonstrate knowledge of VRF Lite
Objective 2.14.1 Describe VRF Lite
Objective 2.14.2 Explain the benefits of VRF Lite
Objective 2.15 Demonstrate knowledge of logical bridging
Objective 2.15.1 Describe the purpose and function of logical bridging
Objective 2.15.2 Distinguish between routing and bridging
Objective 2.16 Demonstrate knowledge of NSX segmentation
Objective 2.16.1 Define NSX segmentation
Objective 2.16.2 Recognize use cases for NSX segmentation
Objective 2.16.3 Identify steps to enforce Zero-Trust with NSX segmentation
Objective 2.17 Demonstrate knowledge of distributed firewall
Objective 2.17.1 Identify types of firewalls in NSX
Objective 2.17.2 Describe features of distributed firewalls
Objective 2.17.3 Describe the distributed firewall architecture
Objective 2.18 Demonstrate knowledge of security in distributed firewall on VDS
Objective 2.18.1 List the distributed firewall on VDS requirements
Objective 2.19 Demonstrate knowledge of NSX Gateway Firewall
Objective 2.19.1 Describe the functions of the gateway firewall
Objective 2.19.2 Explain the purpose of a gateway policy
Objective 2.19.3 Describe the gateway firewall architecture
Objective 2.20 Demonstrate knowledge of Intrusion Detection and Prevention
Objective 2.20.1 Explain NSX IDS/IPS and its use cases
Objective 2.20.2 Define the NSX IDS/IPS Detection terminology
Objective 2.20.3 Describe the NSX IDS/IPS architecture
Objective 2.21 Demonstrate knowledge of NSX Application Platform
Objective 2.21.1 Describe NSX Application Platform and its use cases
Objective 2.21.2 Explain the NSX Application Platform architecture and services
Objective 2.22 Demonstrate knowledge of malware prevention
Objective 2.22.1 Identify use cases for malware prevention
Objective 2.22.2 Identify the components in the malware prevention architecture
Objective 2.22.3 Describe the malware prevention packet flows for known and unknown files
Objective 2.23 Demonstrate knowledge of NSX Intelligence
Objective 2.23.1 Describe NSX Intelligence and its use cases
Objective 2.23.2 Explain NSX Intelligence system requirements
Objective 2.23.3 Explain NSX Intelligence visualization, recommendation, and network traffic analysis capabilities
Objective 2.24 Demonstrate NSX Network Detection and Response
Objective 2.24.1 Describe NSX Network Detection and Response and its use cases
Objective 2.24.2 Explain the architecture of NSX Network Detection and Response in NSX
Objective 2.24.3 Describe the visualization capabilities of NSX Network Detection and Response
Objective 2.25 Demonstrate knowledge of NAT and how it is used with NSX
Objective 2.25.1 Explain the role of network address translation (NAT)
Objective 2.25.2 Distinguish between source and destination NAT
Objective 2.25.3 Describe how Reflexive NAT works
Objective 2.25.4 Explain how NAT64 facilitates communication between IPv6 and IPv4 networks
Objective 2.25.5 Describe stateful active-active NAT operation
Objective 2.26 Demonstrate knowledge of DHCP and DNS
Objective 2.26.1 Explain how DHCP and DHCP Relay are used for IP address allocation
Objective 2.26.2 Configure DHCP services in NSX
Objective 2.26.3 Describe how to use a DNS forwarder service
Objective 2.27 Demonstrate knowledge of NSX Advanced Load Balancer
Objective 2.27.1 Describe NSX Advanced Load Balancer and its use cases
Objective 2.27.2 Explain the NSX Advanced Load Balancer architecture
Objective 2.27.3 Explain the NSX Advanced Load Balancer components and how they manage traffic
Objective 2.28 Demonstrate knowledge of IPSec VPN
Objective 2.28.1 Explain how IPSec-based technologies are used to establish VPNs
Objective 2.28.2 Compare policy-based and route-based IPSec VPN
Objective 2.28.3 Describe IPSec VPN requirements in NSX
Objective 2.29 Demonstrate knowledge of L2 VPN
Objective 2.29.1 Describe L2 VPN technologies in an NSX
Objective 2.29.2 Identify various supported L2 VPN endpoints
Objective 2.30 Demonstrate knowledge of integrating NSX with VMware Identity Manager
Objective 2.30.1 Describe the purpose of VMware Identity Manager
Objective 2.30.2 Identify the benefits of integrating NSX with VMware Identity Manager
Objective 2.31 Demonstrate knowledge of integrating NSX with LDAP
Objective 2.31.1 Identify the benefits of integrating NSX with LDAP
Objective 2.31.2 Describe the LDAP authentication architecture
Objective 2.32 Demonstrate knowledge of managing users and configuring RBAC
Objective 2.32.1 Identify the different types of users in NSX
Objective 2.32.2 Recognize permissions and roles available in NSX
Objective 2.33 Demonstrate knowledge of Federation Architecture, needed prerequisites, Federation Networking, and Federation Security
Objective 2.33.1 Describe Federation and its use cases
Objective 2.33.2 Describe the requirements and limitations of Federation
Objective 2.33.3 Describe the Federation configuration workflow
Objective 2.33.4 Describe the prerequisites for Federation
Objective 2.33.5 Describe the onboarding of Local Manager configurations and workloads
Objective 2.33.6 Describe the stretched networking concepts in Federation
Objective 2.33.7 Explain the supported Tier-0 and Tier-1 stretched topologies
Objective 2.33.8 Explain Layer 2 concepts related to NSX Federation
Objective 2.33.9 Explain the Federation security use cases
Objective 2.33.10 Describe the Federation security components
Objective 2.33.11 Explain the security configuration workflows
Objective 2.34 Demonstrate knowledge of DPU-based acceleration for NSX

Section 3 – Plan and Design the VMware Solution Not Applicable

Section 4 – Install, Configure, Administrate the VMware Solution
Objective 4.1 – Prepare an NSX infrastructure for deployment
Objective 4.1.1 Create Transport Zones
Objective 4.1.2 Create IP Pools
Objective 4.1.3 Prepare ESXi Hosts
Objective 4.2 Configure segments
Objective 4.2.1 Create segments
Objective 4.2.2 Attach VMs to segments
Objective 4.2.3 Use network topology to validate the logical switching configuration
Objective 4.3 Deploy and configure NSX Edge Nodes
Objective 4.3.1 Deploy NSX Edge Nodes
Objective 4.3.2 Configure an Edge Cluster
Objective 4.4 Configure the Tier-1 gateway
Objective 4.4.1 Create a Tier-1 gateway
Objective 4.4.2 Connect segments to the Tier-1 gateway
Objective 4.4.3 Use network topology to validate the Tier-1 gateway configuration
Objective 4.5 Create and configure a Tier-0 gateway with OSPF
Objective 4.5.1 Create uplink segments
Objective 4.5.2 Create a Tier-0 gateway
Objective 4.5.3 Connect the Tier-0 and Tier-1 gateways
Objective 4.5.4 Use network topology to validate the Tier-0 gateway configuration
Objective 4.6 Configure the Tier-0 gateway with BGP
Objective 4.6.1 Create uplink segments
Objective 4.6.2 Create a Tier-0 gateway
Objective 4.6.3 Connect the Tier-0 and Tier-1 gateways
Objective 4.6.4 Use network topology to validate the Tier-0 gateway configuration
Objective 4.7 Configure VRF Lite
Objective 4.7.1 Create the uplink trunk segment
Objective 4.7.2 Deploy and configure the VRF gateways
Objective 4.7.3 Deploy and connect the Tier-1 gateways to the VRF gateways
Objective 4.7.4 Create and connect segments to the Tier-1 gateways
Objective 4.7.5 Attach VMs to segments on each VRF
Objective 4.7.6 Review the routing tables in each VRF
Objective 4.8 Configure the NSX Distributed Firewall
Objective 4.8.1 Create security group
Objective 4.8.2 Create Distributed Firewall rules
Objective 4.9 Configure the NSX Gateway Firewall
Objective 4.9.1 Configure a gateway firewall rule to block external SSH requests
Objective 4.10 Configure Intrusion Detection
Objective 4.10.1 Enable Distributed Intrusion Detection and Prevention
Objective 4.10.2 Download the Intrusion Detection and Prevention signatures
Objective 4.10.3 Create an Intrusion Detection and Prevention profile
Objective 4.10.4 Configure Intrusion Detection rules
Objective 4.10.5 Configure North-South IDS/IPS
Objective 4.10.6 Create a segment and attach a VM
Objective 4.10.7 Analyze Intrusion Detection events
Objective 4.10.8 Modify the IDS/IPS settings to prevent malicious traffic
Objective 4.10.9 Analyze Intrusion Prevention events
Objective 4.11 Deploy NSX Application Platform
Objective 4.12 Configure malware prevention for East-West and North-South Traffic
Objective 4.13 Use NSX Network Detection and Response to detect threats
Objective 4.14 Configure Network Address Translation
Objective 4.14.1 Create a Tier-1 gateway for Network Address Translation
Objective 4.14.2 Create a segment
Objective 4.14.3 Attach a VM to NAT segment
Objective 4.14.4 Configure NAT
Objective 4.14.5 Configure NAT route redistribution
Objective 4.15 Configure NSX Advanced Load Balancer
Objective 4.15.1 Create segments for the NSX Advanced Load Balancer
Objective 4.15.2 Deploy the NSX Advanced Load Balancer controller
Objective 4.15.3 Access the NSX Advanced Load Balancer UI
Objective 4.15.4 Create a Cloud Connector for NSX
Objective 4.15.5 Configure Service Engine Networks and Routing
Objective 4.15.6 Create a virtual service
Objective 4.15.7 Configure route advertisement and route redistribution for a virtual IP
Objective 4.16 Deploy Virtual Private Networks
Objective 4.16.1 Deploy a new NSX Edge Node to support a VPN deployment
Objective 4.16.2 Configure a new Edge Cluster
Objective 4.16.3 Deploy and configure a new Tier-0 gateway and segments for VPN support
Objective 4.16.4 Create an IPSec VPN service
Objective 4.16.5 Create an L2 VPN server and session
Objective 4.16.6 Configure a pre-deployed autonomous Edge as an L2 VPN client
Objective 4.17 Manage users and roles
Objective 4.17.1 Add an Active Directory Domain as an identity source
Objective 4.17.2 Assign NSX roles to domain users and validate permissions
Objective 4.17.3 Modify an existing role and validate the role permissions
Objective 4.18 Perform operations tasks in a VMware NSX environment (syslog, backup/restore etc.)
Objective 4.19 Monitor a VMware NSX implementation

Section 5 – Troubleshoot and Optimize the VMware Solution
Objective 5.1 – Use log files to troubleshoot issues
Objective 5.1.1 Identify the default log file locations of NSX components
Objective 5.1.2 Generate Log Bundles
Objective 5.1.3 Use log files to help identify NSX issues
Objective 5.2 Identify Tools Available for Troubleshooting Issues
Objective 5.3 Troubleshoot Common NSX Issues
Objective 5.3.1 Troubleshoot Common NSX Installation/Configuration Issues
Objective 5.3.2 Troubleshoot Common NSX Component Issues
Objective 5.3.3 Troubleshoot Common Connectivity Issues
Objective 5.3.4 Troubleshoot Common physical infrastructure Issues

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Sample Question And Answers
 

QUESTION 2
Which two choices are solutions offered by the VMware NSX portfolio? (Choose two.)

A. VMware Tanzu Kubernetes Grid
B. VMware Tanzu Kubernetes Cluster
C. VMware NSX Advanced Load Balancer
D. VMware NSX Distributed IDS/IPS
E. VMware Aria Automation

Answer: C, D

Explanation:
VMware NSX is a portfolio of networking and security solutions that enables consistent policy,
operations, and automation across multiple cloud environments1
The VMware NSX portfolio includes the following solutions:
VMware NSX Data Center: A platform for data center network virtualization and security that delivers a complete L2-L7 networking stack and overlay services for any workload1
VMware NSX Cloud: A service that extends consistent networking and security to public clouds such as AWS and Azure1
VMware NSX Advanced Load Balancer: A solution that provides load balancing, web application firewall, analytics, and monitoring for applications across any cloud12
VMware NSX Distributed IDS/IPS: A feature that provides distributed intrusion detection and
prevention for workloads across any cloud12
VMware NSX Intelligence: A service that provides planning, observability, and intelligence for network and micro-segmentation1
VMware NSX Federation: A capability that enables multi-site networking and security management with consistent policy and operational state synchronization1
VMware NSX Service Mesh: A service that connects, secures, and monitors microservices across multiple clusters and clouds1
VMware NSX for Horizon: A solution that delivers secure desktops and applications across any device, location, or network1
VMware NSX for vSphere: A solution that provides network agility and security for vSphere https://certkingdom.com environments with a built-in console in vCenter1
VMware NSX-T Data Center: A platform for cloud-native applications that supports containers,
Kubernetes, bare metal hosts, and multi-hypervisor environments1
VMware Tanzu Kubernetes Grid and VMware Tanzu Kubernetes Cluster are not part of the VMware
NSX portfolio. They are solutions for running Kubernetes clusters on any cloud3
VMware Aria Automation is not a real product name. It is a fictional name that does not exist in the
VMware portfolio.

QUESTION 3
When a stateful service is enabled for the first lime on a Tier-0 Gateway, what happens on the NSX Edge node’

A. SR is instantiated and automatically connected with DR.
B. DR Is instantiated and automatically connected with SR.
C. SR and DR Is instantiated but requites manual connection.
D. SR and DR doesn’t need to be connected to provide any stateful services.

Answer: A

Explanation:
The answer is
A. SR is instantiated and automatically connected with DR.
SR stands for Service Router and DR stands for Distributed Router. They are components of the NSX
Edge node that provide different functions1
The SR is responsible for providing stateful services such as NAT, firewall, load balancing, VPN, and
DHCP. The DR is responsible for providing distributed routing and switching between logical
segments and the physical network1
When a stateful service is enabled for the first time on a Tier-0 Gateway, the NSX Edge node
automatically creates an SR instance and connects it with the existing DR instance. This allows the
stateful service to be applied to the traffic that passes through the SR before reaching the DR2
According to the VMware NSX 4.x Professional Exam Guide, understanding the SR and DR
components and their functions is one of the exam objectives3
To learn more about the SR and DR components and how they work on the NSX Edge node, you can
refer to the following resources:
VMware NSX Documentation: NSX Edge Components 1
VMware NSX 4.x Professional: NSX Edge Architecture
VMware NSX 4.x Professional: NSX Edge Routing

QUESTION 4
A company Is deploying NSX micro-segmentation in their vSphere environment to secure a simple application composed of web. app, and database tiers.
The naming convention will be:
WKS-WEB-SRV-XXX
WKY-APP-SRR-XXX
WKI-DB-SRR-XXX
What is the optimal way to group them to enforce security policies from NSX?

A. Use Edge as a firewall between tiers.
B. Do a service insertion to accomplish the task.
C. Group all by means of tags membership.
D. Create an Ethernet based security policy.

Answer: C

Explanation:
The answer is C. Group all by means of tags membership.
Tags are metadata that can be applied to physical servers, virtual machines, logical ports, and logical
segments in NSX. Tags can be used for dynamic security group membership, which allows for
granular and flexible enforcement of security policies based on various criteria1
In the scenario, the company is deploying NSX micro-segmentation to secure a simple application
composed of web, app, and database tiers. The naming convention will be:
WKS-WEB-SRV-XXX
WKY-APP-SRR-XXX
WKI-DB-SRR-XXX
The optimal way to group them to enforce security policies from NSX is to use tags membership. For
example, the company can create three tags: Web, App, and DB, and assign them to the
corresponding VMs based on their names. Then, the company can create three security groups: Web-
SG, App-SG, and DB-SG, and use the tags as the membership criteria. Finally, the company can create
and apply security policies to the security groups based on the desired rules and actions2
Using tags membership has several advantages over the other options:
It is more scalable and dynamic than using Edge as a firewall between tiers. Edge firewall is a
centralized solution that can create bottlenecks and performance issues when handling large
amounts of traffic3
It is more simple and efficient than doing a service insertion to accomplish the task. Service insertion
is a feature that allows for integrating third-party services with NSX, such as antivirus or intrusion
prevention systems. Service insertion is not necessary for basic micro-segmentation and can
introduce additional complexity and overhead.
It is more flexible and granular than creating an Ethernet based security policy. Ethernet based
security policy is a type of policy that uses MAC addresses as the source or destination criteria.
Ethernet based security policy is limited by the scope of layer 2 domains and does not support logical
constructs such as segments or groups.
To learn more about tags membership and how to use it for micro-segmentation in NSX, you can
refer to the following resources:
VMware NSX Documentation: Security Tag 1
https://certkingdom.com
VMware NSX Micro-segmentation Day 1: Chapter 4 – Security Policy Design 2
VMware NSX 4.x Professional: Security Groups
VMware NSX 4.x Professional: Security Policies

QUESTION 5
When collecting support bundles through NSX Manager, which files should be excluded for potentially containing sensitive information?

A. Controller Files
B. Management Files
C. Core Files
D. Audit Files


Answer: C
Explanation:
According to the VMware NSX Documentation1, core files and audit logs can contain sensitive
information and should be excluded from the support bundle unless requested by VMware technical
support. Controller files and management files are not mentioned as containing sensitive
information.
Reference: 1: Support Bundle Collection Tool – VMware Docs
Core files and Audit logs might contain sensitive information such as passwords or encryption keys.